A
Affect Bridge In Hypnotherapy, an anchored state that allows us to go beck to find the originating event from which the state derived. In NLP the process is known as a Search Anchor
Albert Ellis Founder of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and in a developer in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). An important element of REBT was the role of Emotional Drivers that he called 'Musterbations', words such as 'must', 'should', 'got to etc. These are recognised in the NLP Meta Model as 'Modal Operators of Necessity'.
Analogue In submodality work, analogue submodalities are those that operate on a sliding variable scale as opposed to Digital that are either on or off, true or false.
Analogue Marking The marking out of words and even sentences from within another sentence using a verbal or non-verbal cues to mark out the words.
Anchoring A stimulus that generates a response consistently. Anchors occur naturally and constantly and are the essence of learning. We learn to respond automatically to the cues present in our environment. An anchor can trigger any form of response from emotional, behavioural, verbal etc.
To maintain the effectiveness of a self generated anchor it may be useful to reinforce the anchor from time to time otherwise you may well anchor an undesired state by only firing the anchot to get out of that state.
As-If Frame The As-If frame allows us to bypass our normal responses based on limiting beliefss and invites new neural connections und unblocking 'neural gates'. This is "acting as if' something were true, such as pretending that you are competent at something that you are not.
Associated This is accessing a memory from the perspective of being there, as seen through your own eyes.
Attitudes Collections of Beliefs and Values around a certain subject.
Auditory (A) The sensory system that deals with sound.Also known as Auditory Tonal (At).
Auditory Digital (Ad) Our internal dialogue, or as someone once posed, should that be monologue? I guess that depends on whether you answer or argue with yourself. It is The Representational System dealing with logic and the way we talk to ourselves.
B
Backtrack To reiterate a statement to check that you have understood it correctly. You can do this in a summary, review or contemplate what was previously covered, as in a meeting.
Bateson, Gregory British Anthropogist who was a powerful influence in the development of NLP
Behaviour Any observable activity that we create or engage in. It can be as subtle as muscle tension, an eye blink or as any complete movement.
Beck, Aaron The founder of Cognitive therapy. In cognitive therapy, the emphasis is based on the structure of our thought processes and how these can distort our representation of reality.
Being At Cause Being proactive in life and taking responsibility for the actions that we take rather than look for fault or blame or reasons, it leaves us free to create our lives.
Beliefs Beliefs are what we hold to be true. Most of our beliefs are so ingrained in us we don't even realise that we hold them and take our reality for granted.
Beliefs can be so powerful that we will delete generaise and distort information in order to make it fit our beliefs. This creates generalisations we make about the world and our opinions about it. They are our convictions that we trust as being true and form the rules about what we can and cannot do.
Beliefs are digital in nature as they reflect what we beleive to be true or false (even a disbelief is a form of belief, a counter belief-"I believe that is not true" is the underlying principle), as opposed to Values which detrmine what is most important to you at any moment and is analogue in nature.
Break State Using a movement or distraction to change an emotional state.
C
Calibration To notice the changes, often subtle, of non-verbal cues. this in turn can allow us to establish what those responses may indicate fot that particular person.
By comparing, we can notice the difference between persons, places, things, states and behaviours.
Calibrating depends on refined Sensory Acuity.
Cause & Effect Where something is assumed to cause something to happen, the effect. Often heard in blame circumstances and rationalisations (rational lies). Often indicates a belief and one of the patterns behind Sleight of Mouth
Chaining Linking things together. In chaining anchors you link a sequence a series of states that will produce what can best be described as a domino effect as one anchor fires the next anchor that fires the next anchot etc.
Chomsky, Naom American Linguist who laid the foundations for the concept of transformational grammar in 1957 with 'Syntactic Structures' and in a highly influential review of Skinner's work, 'Verbal Behaviour', challenged the aproach to behaviour and language by behaviourists at the time.
This contributed strongly to the 'Cognitive Rebellion' in Psychology, and in turn was a major influence on Professor John Grinder and ultimately the formation of NLP and in the first seminal work on NLP 'The Structure of Magic' volumes 1 & 2.
Chunking Chunking is the action of moving between higher and lower levels of information, from the higher 'big picture to the lower specific detail.
Circle of Excellence Creating a spatial anchor by using an imaginary circle on the floor to install new or additional resources in order to create an anchor to produce a physiology and mentally resourceful state of excellence.
Cognitive Therapy Developed by Aaron Beck, the emphaisi is on how our subjective reality can be distorted by our thought processes. Challenging these distortions can create a change in the response of the individual. The main categories are as follows.
Catastrophising: Catastrophising is taking an event and imagining it as being a major problem. This involves automatic judgemental reactions based upon our values, beliefs and to a degree our neurology may play a part in as far as we may be over reactive, reacting to events without thinking.
Polarity or All or nothing thinking: All or nothing thinking, black or white, good or bad thinking, with nothing between them. We will often see events as either fantastic or disastrous. There in no allowance for places between the two extremes.
Fortune telling: Time travelling, this is the domain of worriers. Often preceded by what-if statements, or imagining and predicting catastrophic results/events. Typical phrase revolves around “what if...?” statements.
Living in the past: Time travelling to the past with regrets, world of regret, shame or guilt. Typical phrase revolves around “if only...?” statements.
Mind Reading: Worrying about what other people might think about us, how they might judge us. Often very critical of ourselves and therefore assume that other people must be thinking the same. Can sometimes be the result of projection.
Emotional reasoning: Often we make accusations or respond to situations based on how we feel, but how we feel may have no bearing on the current problem, and we project our feelings on to the situation, person, thing.
Overgeneralising: When we make a statement that includes words like, “everybody, nobody, always,” never”. Similar to and can contribute to all or nothing thinking.
Labelling: Labelling involves making judgements or comparisons on different people, selves situations etc. We rarely challenge the basis of these labels, never realising that they are the result of our personal values and beliefs.
In NLP the equivalent processes are found in the Meta Model.
Cognitive Psychology The study of how the brain and Nervous System process information. NLP is about how we process information and in it's work on Representation System and submodalities and the way we code information.
Complex Equivalence Where something is taken to be the same as something as or this means that. This occurs when (1) you attach meaning to something specific and (2) when two statements, one behavioural and one capability, are considered to mean the same. (See Meta Model). One of the patterns behind Sleight of Mouth abd belief formation
Confusion When all the elements are in place for understanding but just may need rearranging.
Confusion to Understanding: Original pattern developed by Richard Bandler using Submodalities to change the meaning of your internal representations and is the basis of "Like to Dislike".
Conjunction A word that links two parts of a sentence together. Words such as "and", "as", "also" etc. For example "I'll have the meal ready for you as soon as you arrive." The first part of the statement is "I'll have the meal ready for you" is linked to the second part of the statement "soon as you arrive" (= "when you arrive") vy the word "as".
Congruence When the non verbal elements of communication match the verbal content of what a person states.
Conscious That of which we are currently aware.
Conscious-Unconscious Integration: When our thoughts and behaviours are integrated at the conscious and unconscious levels.
Content The specific words and action that a person gives you when telling their of a story. The history of the client.
Content Reframe Giving another meaning to a statement by recovering more content, which changes the focus. (Also called a Meaning Reframe).
Context The particular setting or situation in which the something happens.
Context Reframing Giving another meaning to a statement by changing the context.
Contrastive Analysis Contrastive analysis is the process of comparing and contrasting two sets of criteria to identify the differences between the sets. Used mainly in sub-modality work it identify the critical submodalities. Also used in Modelling to identify those parts of the process that are common to the exemplars and those that are different.
Convincer Something that convinces the client's conscious mind that something is true or possible..
Convincer Strategy The strategy that a person uses to becoming certain or confident that something is okay.
Criteria Specific values that allow us to evaluate or test something. In the TOTE we only exit the loop when the necessary criteria has been met.
Critical Submodality In Submodalities, Critical Submodalities are the difference that makes the difference. Discovered through the process of Contrastive Analysis, Critical Submodalities account for the difference between two different internal representations. When Submodalities are compared through contrastive analysis, the Critical Submodalities are the Submodalities that are different.
Cross Over Matching Matching one aspect of a person's external behaviour or physiology with a different -physiological movement.